Between Two Deserts: Visual Vignettes from an Iranian-Kuwaiti Bidoon in New Mexico

The following is a graphic story by Zahra Marwan, an Albuquerque-based illustrator, explores themes of migration and statelessness. The story is told through a series of visual vignettes based on the author’s memories of her family in Kuwait, who are categorized as bidoon (or without nationality) by the Kuwaiti state. For more, visit her website, Two Desert Illustrations.

I was born in Kuwait, a 4th or 5th generation Kuwaiti, really close to the sea. My parents grew up in the old Sharq neighborhood, where many old Iranian families resided for quite a while. The first reactions of telling people my family is from Kuwait quickly leads to talk of wealth, war, infringement on migrant workers rights, or more often than not, cliché dialogues on women. Rarely though, does it bring up statelessness.

Me and my older brothers were born stateless in Kuwait, an infringement on our human rights and against international law. Stigmatized in status, being stateless means no retirement, lower wages if you can find a job, and a permanent status of “illegal resident” from birth. Until 2005, the stateless, bidoon, those without nationality or recognition from any sovereign nation, weren’t allowed to attend the universities or colleges. It’s no surprise that 40% of the Kuwaiti army is stateless, like our uncle who was killed the first day of the Iraqi invasion.

Spending the majority of his life searching for a solution, our father moved us to New Mexico when I was a child, where I became an American citizen as a teenager. When I was 17, my parents moved back to Kuwait, where I would visit them during summers. Administratively unrecognized and systematically having our rights infringed upon, we are Kuwaiti culturally and linguistically nonetheless, our family residing along the port cities of the Persian Gulf for centuries. Living a long life of oppression, our father didn’t raise us feeling neither victimized nor inferior. When I hear the “immigrants should go back to where they came from” rhetoric, I think “jokes on you, I have no where to go back to.”

My parents insisted on the importance of being educated. I like to use my drawings for narrative, and I try when I can to bring light to the situation of the stateless in Kuwait, as many of my family members still live in these conditions.

Unlike the Iranian, Iraqi, or other diasporas, there isn’t a large community of stateless people outside of Kuwait, or Kuwaiti’s living outside of Kuwait for that matter. It feels odd, to be an immigrant not classified in a large group of minorities. My university once told me that I didn’t qualify as a minority because I didn’t fit the classified minority groups.

I don’t feel quite Arab or Iranian. More New Mexican than American. And a mix of all at the same time. Although I haven’t been in New Mexico my entire life, people here have treated me as their equal. Giving me opportunities to grow as anyone else. Kuwait and New Mexico are both very much my homes.

My portrait with my mom’s 3 sisters.
My Grandma lived in a tiny, tiny apartment. I never understood why her Arabic didn’t make sense to me. It took a long time for me to understand she spoke a sub-dialect of Farsi. She liked to drink Saffron in hot water.
In a dream I had to take the boat back to Albuquerque from Kuwait. The only reason stopping me from doing so was the sea at night.
“And you were far, I couldn’t feel your pain.” I didn’t understand my dad was dying in Kuwait from New Mexico. He was always so lighthearted, and made jokes up until his sedation leading to his death.
Grappling with myself.
Shi’a Rituals I’m expected to understand.
Me and my brothers had all come back to Kuwait, which hadn’t occurred the last 20 years, when my father was hospitalized.
The women of my family + the Kuwaiti dialect.
Fortune-telling with the Coyote.
My aunt, the jinn in the trees, and the Tewa clowns.
Reading my coffee.
My dad liked to write poetry. He loved acting in the thriving theater culture of Kuwait in the 1960’s. He loved photography and reading. I wonder what he would’ve been able to do had he not had to drop out of high school to work and struggle against a social system.
A portrait of a life between Kuwait and New Mexico.
Floral thoughts and merging identities.
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2 comments

  1. What very beautiful and deep-meaningful drawings!
    Other people may say your family are bidoon – but I can see that you are very definitely and clearly with-love and with-art and with-great-strength and with-living
    Thankyou so much for letting us see these glimpses into your art and life

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